Today marks the 45th anniversary of the Equal Pay Act. Signed into law by President Kennedy, the EPA made it illegal for employers to pay unequal wages to men and women who perform substantially equal work. At the time, women earned a mere 59 cents to every dollar earned by their male counterparts. Before you start thinking "we've come along way, baby," think again.
Women working full-time, year-round earn only about 77 cents for every dollar earned by men, virtually the same amount women earned in 2005.
An earnings gap exists between women and men across a wide spectrum of occupations. In 2006, for example, the median weekly wages earned by women in computer and mathematical occupations had weekly earnings that were 85% of the wages paid their male counterparts.
In some occupations, women have actually lost ground. For example, in a study of management positions in 10 industries that together employ over 70% of women in the workforce found that women managers consistently made less than their male counterparts; in seven of the 10 industries, the pay gap had increased between 1995 and 2000.
As women get older, the wage gap for them widens. When women start their careers, the pay gap is relatively small: females aged 15 to 24 working full-time, year-round have median annual earnings that are 94% of what their male counterparts earn. However, by the time we reach the critical years leading up to retirement, that 6% pay gap has increased almost five times: women aged 45 to 64 who work full-time, year-round earn only 71% of what men do.
The wage gap cannot be dismissed as the result of "women’s choices" in career and family matters. In fact, recent authoritative studies show that even when all relevant career and family attributes are taken into account, there is still a significant, unexplained gap in men’s and women’s earnings. Thus, even when women make the same career choices as men and work the same hours, they still earn less.
So what can you do? For one, you can support the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act which requires employers to no longer segregate jobs based on sex, race or national origin but require equivalent skills, effort, responsibility, and working conditions to be the basis for compensation. The bill also gives punitive and compensatory damages to victims of wage discrimination while prohibiting retaliation. And it requires employers to keep records of the methods they use to set wages including a yearly report to the EEOC that describes their workforce by position and salary as well as gender and ethnicity.
Plus,iIf you live in one of the following states, at least one of your Senators voted against moving the bill forward: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Indiana, Iowa, Florida, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio, Texas, and Virginia, you can write your Senator asking them to support the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act. Don't have a pen an paper handy? No problem; you can write them online.
This isn't just a women's issue. Menfolk - this affects your wives, your sisters, your mothers, your daughters. Everyone deserves to earn a fair wage. We should all be fighting for equal pay.
All of these stastics are from the NWLC Pay Equity Fact Sheet. There, you can read more about the alarming wage gap.